Study Guide 2015 For Cpr
CPR TEST PREPARATION and PRACTISE TEST QUESTIONS (2017- 2018) Perhaps you are taking a CPR class to be generally prepared or maybe the stakes are higher and passing is required for work or school. Regardless of the situation taking the test at the end of a CPR class can be nerve wracking but with proper preparation, a good instructor, and a few strategies not only will you pass but you will do great! What should I expect when taking the exam? Most traditional classes will have a written exam and a skills exam. The written exam will typically be 10-30 multiple choice questions testing a student’s ability to recall facts and apply the things they learned to some basic scenarios. The skills test will, at a minimum, require the student to demonstrate high quality CPR on a manikin simulating an adult patient. The evaluator will be looking for a rate of 100-120 compressions per minute at a depth of 2”.
BLS Study Guide: CPR Review. Are you attending one of our upcoming BLS CPR Classes? Do you want to be prepared? Here is a way you can study before your.
They will also need to see the student call for and then use an AED as soon as possible. If the class is geared towards healthcare providers or other professional rescuers the skills exam will also include scenarios with children, infants, and two rescuers.
Those classes will also include alternative breathing methods such as using a Bag Valve Mask or a Face Mask. Online Classes If you are taking a class online you will likely be able to pause and repeat some sections. Take advantage of this feature. Once you think you fully understand a section try explaining what you learned in your own words to a friend.
Maybe even try to teach them what you learned. If you can do this you’ve got a great handle on what was presented. If you can’t then you will see areas that need further clarification. If you are stuck on a particular topic you may be able to find an explanation that helps you more through the American Heart Association’s website (Heart.org). Quality online classes will still have a skills evaluation. This can be conducted remotely via video conference with an instructor or in person through a local instructor. If you are still confused by something you can take the opportunity of real time interaction with an instructor to ask your questions.
Although some groups may offer an online program without a skills test many companies will not accept it. The skills you learn in a CPR class may need to be used in a time of crisis a year or more after the class was taken.
It is hard enough for a student to remember those skills when they practiced them in class let alone if they only read about them and never actually did them. Preparing for the Exam Online or in person there should be a few key ideas that you can take away from each section of the class. For example when discussing the chain of survival for adults and child there are several differences but the most significant one is that the chain of survival for children starts with injury prevention. The reason for this is that most children are fundamentally healthy and have not had a life time of poor diet, limited exercise, and high blood pressure to lead them to develop heart issues. If you know this key difference between the chains of survival and the reason why, you will be able to apply that information in different forms on the test.
A question might simply ask you to identify the first step in the pediatric chain of survival. Alternatively the question might be a little more difficult but revolve around the same key point and ask you to select which of several answers is incorrect and why. While taking notes try not to write down everything that is said or presented but rather focus on the things that are repeated or otherwise emphasized. Asking students to recall specific numbers or statistics are easy exam questions so consider making note of those things when they come up in class. Don’t Like Tests and Quizzes? Go straight to some sample questions: You are a school counsellor and enter an empty classroom to find two 11 year olds, one of whom is unconscious, appears blue, and has labored gasping breathing.
The victim’s friend tells you she collapsed after playing the “choking game”. What do you need to do?. Correct Answer: Send the friend to call for help and check for a carotid pulse. Provide abdominal thrusts. Perform CPR at 30:2 for 2 minutes and then send the victim’s friend to call 911. Leave the child, call for help, and have the friend start CPR. If you are performing CPR on a child and their chest does not rise with the first breath, what should you do?.
Correct Answer: Adjust the airway and give your second breath. Perform abdominal thrusts and look in the airway. Stop efforts to resuscitate the child.
Attempt a second breath without changes. What is the proper hand position when performing chest compressions on a 6 year old?. Correct Answer: With one or two hands, lower half of breast bone. With two hands encircling the chest, thumbs on the beast bone. Two hands, upper third of the breast bone. Two hands, center of breast bone. You are babysitting an 8 month old child who is crawling on the floor when they suddenly starts coughing and gagging.
What should you do?. Correct Answer: Closely observe the child in case the symptoms worsen, at which time you must take action. Provide rescue breaths. Alternate between 5 chest thrusts and 5 back blows until the object is expelled. Provide abdominal thrusts until the object is expelled. What is the first link in the adult “chain of survival”?. Correct Answer: Early recognition.
Preventing heart disease. Avoiding tobacco use.
Early CPR While in a store you see someone suddenly collapse. The victim is a middle-aged woman who is not responding, unconscious, and gasping occasionally. What is the most likely cause and appropriate treatment?. Correct Answer: Cause: Sudden Cardiac Arrest Treatment: CPR, Defibrillation with an AED. Cause: Stroke, Treatment: Calling for help.
Cause: Choking, Treatment: Back blows. Cause: Low blood sugar, Treatment: force feeding the victim You are helping an adult male who was thrown off a snow mobile at 50 MPH. He is unconscious and does not appear to be breathing. He does have a strong pulse. There is blood visible on both legs. How should you open the airway to give rescue breaths?.
Correct Answer: Jaw thrust, without tilting the neck. Head tilt, chin lift. Do not move the neck, use a CPR Mask. Await professional help to arrive While performing CPR your chest compressions should be:.
Correct Answer: Hard and fast, with as few interruptions as possible. Gentle and slow. Hard but slow with frequent interruptions to check for a pulse. Gentle but fast A contractor is working on your home. He is electrocuted when his ladder touches a power line. He falls approximately 15′ on to soft grass. The scene is safe.
The power line is intact and the ladder fell away from the patient. The patient is unconscious. An AED has been connected and advises that a shock should be delivered to the patient. What should you do?.
Correct Answer: Ensure everyone is clear of the patient and then deliver the shock. Perform CPR for 2 minutes and then shock the patient. Check for a pulse. Ignore the AED, perform rescue breathing. While dining with a friend they suddenly grab their throat and cannot speak or make any sound.
You ask if they are choking and they nod their head to indicate “yes”. How should you proceed?.
Correct Answer: Perform a series of rapid abdominal thrusts. Have them lay down and begin CPR. Encourage them to cough. Provide back blows. More Sample CPR Test Questions (user submissions) How many parts are there in CPR?
Answer: 4 parts – Airway, breathing, circulation, defibrillation. What is the importance of recoil during compressions? Answer: Recoil is vital during compressions because it enables heart refilling. If there is an incomplete recoil, there will be a reduction is the level of blood flow, which chest compressions create. How far should a rescuer press down on an adult victim, when giving CPR with each compression?
Answer: One and a half to 2 inches pressing must be given straight down till the breastbone. Duration needed for delivering a regular breath? Answer: One second is required for delivering each breath. The rescuer should also ensure that enough air is delivered in order to enable chest of the victim to rise. How many compressions must be delivered within 1 minute when giving adult CPR? Answer:100 – 120 compression per minute What is the ratio of compression – ventilation for an infant or child CPR?
Answer:Compression should be 30:2 if single rescuer, 15:2 if multiple rescuers What is the ratio of compression – ventilation for adult CPR? Answer: The ratio should be 30:2 As a rescuer, you must try minimizing interruptions that to less than how many seconds? Answer: 10 seconds When one man adult CPR is being performed, what should be the duration for checking the breathing of the victim? Answer: Minimum 5 seconds and maximum of 10 seconds (not more, not less!) When giving CPR to children and adolescent, how far should you pressing down on the victim? Answer: The depth should be between 1/3 – ½ of the chest with every compression. Give definition of cardiac arrest Answer: Absence of breathing, with the presence of pulse.
When is the time CPR is highly effective? Answer: CPR is highly effective when it is started immediately after a victim collapses. What causes cardiac arrest on the most common level? Answer: Respiratory arrest.
What are the 2 CPR indications? Answer: Respiratory and Cardiac Arrests.
Give definition of respiratory arrest. Answer: Absence of breathing, with the presence of pulse. Give Chain of Survival’s four components? Answer: Early access, early defibrillation, early CPR, early advanced care. How many seconds are required for the completion of one CPR cycle?
Answer: 22 seconds. What age group infants fall into? Answer: between 1 month and 12 months; What age group infants fall into? Answer: children between 1 year old and within the puberty age, which is between 12 and 14 years of age. Also, you might have to do questions like,. Which airway obstruction is the most common one?.
How will as rescuer check the responsiveness of a victim?. What technique is used for clearing the airway of the victim?. What rule a rescuer should keep in mind, when giving compressions?. For circulation, where you should check the victim’s pulse?.
What you should do, in order to check if a victim is still breathing or not?. What you should do, if a victim is not responsive?. What rule you should remember, when giving compressions?. What you should do when administering ventilation on an unconscious victim?. If a victim has dentures, what should you do?. What you should do once you have dial 911 for reporting a cardiac arrest? Cardiac arrest is caused when the heart’s electrical system malfunctions.
In cardiac arrest death results when the heart suddenly stops working properly. This may be caused by abnormal, or irregular, heart rhythms (called arrhythmias).
A common arrhythmia in cardiac arrest is ventricular fibrillation. This is when the heart’s lower chambers suddenly start beating chaotically and don’t pump blood.
Death occurs within minutes after the heart stops. Cardiac arrest may be reversed if CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) is performed and a defibrillator is used to shock the heart and restore a normal heart rhythm within a few minutes.
We’re excited that you’ve decided to take CPR, and that you’ve chosen us to direct your learning experience. Despite technological advances and new scientific discoveries, heart disease remains the number one cause of death globally, with 17.3 million deaths per year; 38.7% of cases of out of hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA) are witnessed by a bystander (AHA, 2015). Learning CPR can save lives- you can save a life. In this course, you will learn:. The Chain of Survival and your place within the chain. How to provide high quality chest compressions for adults. How to initiate early use of an AED (automated external defibrillator).
How to provide rescue breathing for victims of respiratory arrest. How to provide CPR with 2 rescuers. How to assist adult victims of choking Let’s get started! Many bystanders are reluctant to perform CPR. There are many reasons why bystanders are reluctant to get involved. Let’s take a look at some of these reasons so that you can understand why they have no real basis of support. Fear of Disease: Use universal precautions when the possibility exists of coming into contact with bodily fluids.
Use gloves, mask, and/or gown when you have them available. The benefit of initiating lifesaving resuscitation in a patient in cardiopulmonary arrest greatly outweighs the risk for secondary infection in the rescuer or the patient. Nevertheless, use of simple infection-control measures during CPR and CPR training can reduce a very low level of risk even further (Mejicano & Maki, 1998). Fear of Lawsuits: These laws state that a person acting in good faith who is rendering reasonable first aid will not be held accountable for damages to the person to whom the aid is rendered, unless gross and willful misconduct are involved.
Good Samaritan laws may differ for professional health care providers versus lay rescuers from state to state. Implied consent means that there is an assumption that if an unconscious person were able to request care, they would do so.
Fear of Uncertainty: People sometimes fear that they won’t remember what to do. Remembering the correct number of compressions or the number of compressions to ventilations is not as important as the willingness to respond and to push hard and fast. Hands-only CPR is designed to provide simple life support.
No mask, no worry- performing compressions alone has been shown to be effective at saving lives. Fear of Harming the Victim: A victim in need or clinically dead can only be helped by your intervention efforts. You can’t hurt someone who is dead, and any injuries you may unknowingly cause (such as injured ribs) can be dealt with in a surviving victim of cardiac arrest.
Fear of Injury to Self: As you will learn, scene safety is of utmost importance, and checking the scene for safety should be your first action when you come across an unconscious victim. If the scene is not safe for you to enter, you must not enter.
This will only result in more victims. Under no circumstances should you risk becoming a victim. Instead, you should call for help (activate EMS). The heart consists of four chambers, the right and left atria (singular: atrium) and the right and left ventricles.
The atria are located above the ventricles, as can be seen in the above diagram. The heart is a muscular organ supplied by the coronary arteries. It is located below your breastbone (sternum) and, in an adult, is approximately the size of your fist. The heart pumps blood that has been deoxygenated after supplying the body’s tissues into the lungs, and when that blood has been oxygenated again in the lungs, it exits the lungs to the left side of the heart, where it is pumped out into the body once again, to provide oxygen to the vital organs. Your body has about 5 liters of blood, which circulate through this system approximately 3 times per minute. What is known as the cardiovascular system is composed of the heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins. Your lungs are spongy, air-filled sacs, with one lung located on either side of the chest.
The trachea, which is sometimes called the windpipe, conducts air down into the lungs through the bronchi, which are smaller tubular branches. The bronchi then divide into smaller and smaller tubules called bronchioles. Air is exchanged in the alveoli, which are tiny sacs that allow oxygen and carbon dioxide to move between the lungs and the bloodstream via tiny capillaries. Your lungs take in oxygen to supply your body’s organs and tissues. They release carbon dioxide, a waste product, into the atmosphere when you exhale. Room air at regular atmospheric pressure contains 21% oxygen.
Our bodies utilize approximately 4-6% of that oxygen and release about 16-17% back into the atmosphere, along with carbon dioxide, when we exhale. This 16-17% that we exhale can provide just enough oxygen to sustain someone in cardiac arrest, at least for a short time. As mentioned previously, cardiovascular disease is the number one cause of death worldwide. While it is important to learn what to do when cardiovascular disease leads to a heart attack or stroke, it is equally as important, if not more so, to understand how to prevent cardiovascular disease from occurring in the first place. There are numerous factors that can increase an individual’s risk of heart attack. Some of these factors can be controlled (modifiable risk factors), while others cannot (non-modifiable risk factors. Modifiable risk factors, or factors that can be controlled to a certain degree by an individual, include:.
cigarette smoking. hypertension. obesity. sedentary lifestyle (lack of exercise). high cholesterol.
high blood sugar (in diabetes). poor diet (diet high in sugar, fat). stress Non-modifiable risk factors, or risk factors that individuals cannot change, include:. age. sex.
genetics/hereditary factors (i.e. Hereditary high cholesterol or hyperlipidemia). race (i.e., certain groups may be at higher risk for hypertension, or high blood pressure) Cardiovascular disease is the number one cause of death in the United States, According to the center for disease control (CDC). The CDC estimates that more than 650,000 americans die from cardiovascular disease (1 in 4 deaths) each year in the United States.
Cardiovascular disease damages the heart and blood vessels, and frequently causes heart attack and/or stroke. Americans of all ages should focus on prevention of cardiovascular disease by eating healthy foods, exercising 30 minutes (at least) each day, controlling weight, minimizing stress, consuming healthy fats and oils, and avoiding cigarette or cigar smoking. Atherosclerosis, or hardening of the arteries, is a condition caused by the building up of plaque inside the body’s arteries, the large blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart to the body’s organs. Plaque is composed of fatty substances, cholesterol, fibrin (a clotting substance in the blood), calcium and cellular waste products. When plaque builds up, it can partially or totally block the flow of blood through an artery in the brain (which causes stroke), the heart (which causes a heart attack), the kidneys, the arms, the legs and other vital areas.
Plaque may break off to block an artery, or a blood clot (thrombus) may form on the surface of the plaque- either of these two circumstances can lead to a heart attack or stroke. A heart attack often presents with one or more of the following symptoms:. Chest tightness, pressure, or discomfort. Nausea. Sweating. Shortness of breath. Fatigue.
Weakness. Pain in the jaw or arm. Pallor (pale color of the skin) Women and people with diabetes often present with atypical symptoms, such as nausea and vomiting or back pain. About one-third of patients report no chest pain at all.
What Can You Do?. Recognize the symptoms and signs of a heart attack.
Don’t let the patient drive him or herself to the hospital. Keep the patient calm and seated in a position that is comfortable. Offer 1 adult aspirin or 2 baby aspirin- aspirin should be chewed before swallowing to speed absorption (Note: do not give if the patient has already taken aspirin or if the patient has an allergy to aspirin). Be prepared to start CPR if it becomes necessary. You should suspect stroke if a patient or victim presents with:. Severe headache with no known cause.
Numbness or weakness of the face, arm or leg on one side of the body. Drooping eyelid or mouth on one side. Confusion or trouble understanding.
Difficulty speaking (slurred speech or difficulty finding words). Loss of balance or coordination. Dizziness. Trouble with vision (i.e. Blurred or double vision, loss of vision in one eye) What Can You Do?.
Know the signs and symptoms of a stroke. Call 911.
Don’t give the patient food or drink. Keep the patient calm and quiet.
Study Guide 2015 For Cpr Review
Monitor the patient. Be prepared to begin CPR if it becomes necessary A stroke is caused by one of two mechanisms: it can be caused by a ruptured blood vessel in the brain (called a hemorrhagic stroke) or by a blockage in one of the arteries that causes loss of blood flow and oxygen to a part of the brain (called an ischemic stroke). Ischemic strokes are more common.
Remember that “Time is brain,” and act quickly. Stroke is the 3rd leading cause of death in the United States. For anyone who has taken CPR prior to 2010, there have been a few key changes since the 2010 Guidelines were instituted. These changes include:. Changing from the ABCs (Airway-Breathing-Circulation) to a C-A-B sequence of steps. This was one of the major changes that took place in 2010, when research showed that decreasing the delay in beginning chest compressions lead to a higher incidence of ROSC (return of spontaneous circulation). Rescuers are now trained to provide interventions in the following order: 1) Chest Compressions, 2) Airway, and 3) Breathing.
Decreasing the delay in beginning compressions increases survival rates. The removal of “Look, listen and feel” for breathing. It is often hard for even trained providers to identify effective breathing. It is no longer recommended to look, listen and feel to determine whether a victim is breathing. Rather, if the victim is not responsive, has no pulse, and is not breathing or is breathing in an irregular fashion (i.e. Only gasping), begin CPR immediately!.
Emphasis on high-quality CPR. High-quality CPR is defined as:. Compression rate of 100- 120 beats per minute on victims of all ages;. Compression depth of AT LEAST 2 inches in adults (but no greater than 2.4 inches). Allow the chest to completely expand (recoil) after each compression (do not lean on the chest between compressions);.
Not interrupting CPR except to use an AED (keep interruptions in chest compressions to less than 10 seconds);. Avoiding excessive ventilations;. Above all else, PUSH HARD AND FAST!. Since many responders (even professionals) are unable to feel or palpate a pulse quickly, the recommendation is to feel for a pulse for NO MORE THAN 10 seconds. If you can’t feel a pulse or if you’re not sure you can feel a pulse, begin CPR. It has been recognized that health care professionals should call for assistance when they come upon an unconscious victim, but they may also simultaneously assess breathing and check for a pulse before fully activating the emergency response system. This may encourage efficiency in assessment and response, rather than following a step-by-step response.
Study Guide 2015 For Cprw
Health care professionals may tailor their response to an unconscious victim by altering the response sequence to fit the situation or scenario (using an AED immediately when one is close by and the arrest is witnessed, or providing ventilations first when the cause of arrest is known to be an anoxic event (i.e. Rescuers should provide 1 breath every 6 seconds when an advanced airway is in place and compressions are ongoing continuously (rather than trying to remember a range of ventilations for adults, children and infants). The Adult Chain of Survival represents a continuum of care, from early recognition of the victim in cardiac arrest to post-resuscitation care to provide the best chance of survival from cardiac arrest.
Study Guide 2015 For Cpr And First Aid Test
The five links in the Adult Chain of Survival include:. Early recognition of cardiac arrest.
Activation of the Emergency Response System. Early CPR, with an emphasis on high-quality chest compressions. Early defibrillation.
Comprehensive post- cardiac arrest care Note that in the diagram above, the first two of the five steps (early recognition of cardiac arrest and activation of the emergency response system) have been combined to acknowledge the fact that these steps often occur simultaneously when multiple rescuers are present.